Initial Query

In latex when I force a newline in a caption with \\ it gives an error saying \Hy@tempa has an extra } runaway argument?

LLM Generation

Query

In latex when I force a newline in a caption with \\ it gives an error saying \Hy@tempa has an extra } runaway argument?

Output

When forcing a new line in a caption in LaTeX using `\\`, you might encounter errors such as `\Hy@tempa has an extra } runaway argument` due to the way LaTeX handles line breaks in certain contexts, including captions. This is usually because the `\\` command interferes with the parsing of the caption text, especially when it's also being used to generate a list of figures or tables. ### Solutions #### 1. Use the `caption` package: The `caption` package provides a more flexible way to customize captions, including safe line breaks. First, ensure you have `\usepackage{caption}` in your preamble. Then, you can use the `\caption` command with a line break as follows:

\caption[Short version for LoF/LoT]{First line of caption\\second line of caption}

Here, "Short version for LoF/LoT" is what will appear in the List of Figures (LoF) or List of Tables (LoT), avoiding the line break issue in those contexts. #### 2. Manual newline with `par`: Another way to introduce a new line without using `\\` is to use the `\par` command within the caption, and optionally adjusting the spacing with `\vspace{}`:

\caption{First line of caption\par\vspace{1.0ex}Second line of caption}

This method manually splits the caption into two paragraphs, with an extra space of `1.0ex` between them. Adjust the space as needed. #### 3. Protecting the newline: In some cases, protecting the newline command with braces or using `\protect` might solve the issue, especially if the error arises from the caption content being processed in a fragile context:

\caption{First line of caption\\protect\second line of caption}

\caption{First line of caption\\{second line of caption}}

### Note: Always ensure that any workaround you apply doesn't interfere with the formatting requirements of your document or the guidelines provided by your publisher or institution. Some methods, like adjusting spacing manually, may need fine-tuning to meet specific formatting standards. In general, using the `caption` package is the recommended approach because it offers a robust solution not just for line breaks but for caption customization overall.

Substring Evaluation

Testing if the previous output contains the string \protect: True

Initial Query

In latex when I force a newline in a caption with \\ it gives an error saying \Hy@tempa has an extra } runaway argument?

LLM Generation

Query

In latex when I force a newline in a caption with \\ it gives an error saying \Hy@tempa has an extra } runaway argument?

Output

The error you're encountering typically happens because the `\\` command to force a newline isn't outright supported within the argument of certain commands or environments like `\caption` without some modifications. LaTeX gets confused because it's not expecting a line break in a place where it's trying to keep things together, such as in a caption which might also be used in a List of Figures or a List of Tables. There are a couple of ways to workaround this issue: ### 1. Use a `\parbox` or `minipage` Environment You can use a `\parbox` or a `minipage` environment inside the `\caption` command to achieve the desired line break. This method allows you to create a small "box" in which text can be formatted more freely.

\caption{This is the first line of the caption.\\ \protect\par This is the second line.}

Or using `\parbox`:

\caption{\parbox{0.9\linewidth}{This is the first line of the caption.\\ This is the second line.}}

### 2. Use the `\protect` Command with `\\` or `\newline` Sometimes adding `\protect` before `\\` can help, as it prevents LaTeX from expanding `\\` prematurely. However, this might not always work depending on the document class and packages you're using.

\caption{This is the first line of the caption. \protect\\ This is the second line.}

Or using `\newline`:

\caption{This is the first line of the caption. \protect\newline This is the second line.}

### 3. Define a New Command Another approach is to define a new command that encapsulates the desired break functionality, and then use this command within your caption.

\newcommand{\captionbreak}{\protect\\}

\caption{This is the first line of the caption. \captionbreak This is the second line.}

### 4. Using the `caption` Package If you're not already using the `caption` package, it offers robust ways to customize captions, including handling line breaks more gracefully. First, include the package in your preamble:

\usepackage{caption}

Then, you can use `\newline` directly:

\caption{This is the first line of the caption. \newline This is the second line.}

### Note: Always ensure that the method you choose does not disrupt the formatting of your List of Figures or Tables, as multiline captions can sometimes cause issues there. Each solution has its context where it works best, and testing your specific use case is crucial. Also, remember that for critical documents (thesis, publications), it's always a good idea to check the guidelines provided by your institution or publisher, as they might have specific requirements or recommendations for handling such cases.

Substring Evaluation

Testing if the previous output contains the string \protect: True

Initial Query

In latex when I force a newline in a caption with \\ it gives an error saying \Hy@tempa has an extra } runaway argument?

LLM Generation

Query

In latex when I force a newline in a caption with \\ it gives an error saying \Hy@tempa has an extra } runaway argument?

Output

The error you're encountering is because the LaTeX `\\` command for forcing a newline often conflicts with the way captions are handled. Captions in LaTeX are not only used where you place them but also in the List of Figures or List of Tables, where line breaks can cause issues. Therefore, forcing a newline directly with `\\` in a caption can lead to errors or unwanted behavior. To include a line break in a caption while avoiding errors, you can use the `\protect` command before `\\`, or better yet, use the `caption` package which provides a more flexible way to handle multi-line captions. Here's how you can do it: ### Using `\protect\\` This method directly addresses the issue by protecting the newline command:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{example-image}
\caption{This is the first line of the caption.\protect\\ This is the second line.}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

### Using the `caption` Package The `caption` package offers a cleaner solution, giving you more control over the caption formatting. First, include the package in your preamble:

\usepackage{caption}

Then, you can use the `\caption` command with a formatted text block:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{caption}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{example-image}
\caption[Short caption for LoF]{This is the first line of the caption.\\ This is the second line.}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

In this example, the optional argument to `\caption` provides a short caption for the List of Figures (LoF) that doesn't include the line break, avoiding issues. ### Note: - Always ensure that a line break in a caption is actually necessary, as it might disrupt the document's flow or formatting. - If you're using the `caption` package method, remember that the `\\` command inside `\caption` will work as expected, but providing a short version of the caption without the line break is a good practice for compatibility with the List of Figures or Tables. These methods should help you include line breaks in your captions without encountering the `\Hy@tempa has an extra } runaway argument?` error.

Substring Evaluation

Testing if the previous output contains the string \protect: True

Initial Query

In latex when I force a newline in a caption with \\ it gives an error saying \Hy@tempa has an extra } runaway argument?

LLM Generation

Query

In latex when I force a newline in a caption with \\ it gives an error saying \Hy@tempa has an extra } runaway argument?

Output

In LaTeX, using `\\` to force a newline within a caption or similar environments can sometimes lead to errors. This is because the command `\\` is not always safely interpretable in the context of moving arguments, such as captions that are often also used in the List of Figures or List of Tables, where line breaks are generally not allowed or expected. If you encounter an error like `\Hy@tempa has an extra } runaway argument` when trying to use `\\` in a caption, it typically means LaTeX is having trouble processing the newline command within the moving argument context. ### How to Solve It To safely insert a newline in a caption, you can use the `\protect` command before `\\`. This can help by protecting the newline command from being prematurely expanded. However, it's important to note that forcing line breaks in captions that appear in the List of Figures or Tables can lead to formatting issues or other errors. A better approach is often to rethink the caption to avoid the need for a line break or to use a workaround as described below. **Using `\par` and Custom Commands:** Another approach is to redefine or create custom commands for handling newlines in captions where `\\` might cause an issue. However, directly using `\par` or similar commands instead of `\\` in captions is not always recommended due to potential issues with formatting or list entries. **Workaround with `caption` Package:** A safer and more flexible approach is to use the `caption` package, which provides extensive customization options for captions, including proper handling of line breaks and formatting. 1. **Load the `caption` package** in your preamble:

    \usepackage{caption}
    

2. **Use the `\caption` command with formatting options** to control how your captions appear, and use the `\newline` command for line breaks:

    \caption[Short caption for LoF/LoT]{First line of caption\newline Second line of caption}
    

In this approach, the text inside the square brackets `[]` is a shorter, possibly simplified version of the caption that will appear in the List of Figures (LoF) or List of Tables (LoT), where the newline is not needed. The text inside the curly braces `{}` is the actual caption text that will appear with your figure or table, where you can safely insert a newline with `\newline`. Always ensure that your captions are as clear and concise as possible, avoiding unnecessary line breaks that can disrupt the document's flow and readability. If a caption truly requires multiple paragraphs or complex formatting, consider providing a short caption for the LoF/LoT and using the detailed caption only with the figure or table itself.

Substring Evaluation

Testing if the previous output contains the string \protect: True

Initial Query

In latex when I force a newline in a caption with \\ it gives an error saying \Hy@tempa has an extra } runaway argument?

LLM Generation

Query

In latex when I force a newline in a caption with \\ it gives an error saying \Hy@tempa has an extra } runaway argument?

Output

In LaTeX, forcing a newline within a caption using `\\` can indeed cause an error, particularly when using packages that modify or adjust caption behaviors, such as the `hyperref` package. The error message mentioning `\Hy@tempa` is a clue that `hyperref` (or a related package) is involved, as `\Hy@tempa` is a macro used internally by `hyperref`. To include a newline in a caption while avoiding this error, you can use the `\protect` command before `\\`. This prevents premature expansion and allows the newline command to be safely processed within the fragile context of a caption. Here's how you can do it:

\caption{This is the first line of the caption\protect\\ This is the second line of the caption}

If you find that the `\protect\\` solution doesn't work for your specific case (due to interactions with other packages or class files), another approach is to use the `caption` package, which provides a more flexible captioning mechanism: 1. Include the `caption` package in your preamble:

   \usepackage{caption}
   

2. Use the `\newline` command instead of `\\` for new lines in captions:

   \caption{This is the first line of the caption\newline This is the second line of the caption}
   

The `caption` package not only circumvents the `\Hy@tempa` error but also offers additional customization options for captions, such as font, style, and alignment adjustments. Remember, while forcing new lines in captions can be useful for improving layout or readability, captions are typically kept concise and often don't require line breaks. If your caption is becoming complex enough to require multiple lines, consider whether all the information is necessary, or if some of it could be moved to the main text.

Substring Evaluation

Testing if the previous output contains the string \protect: True