Disassemble the following python into a function called foo: 5 0 BUILD_LIST 0 2 STORE_FAST 1 (primes) 6 4 LOAD_GLOBAL 0 (range) 6 LOAD_CONST 1 (2) 8 LOAD_FAST 0 (max_number) 10 LOAD_CONST 2 (1) 12 BINARY_ADD 14 CALL_FUNCTION 2 16 GET_ITER >> 18 FOR_ITER 94 (to 114) 20 STORE_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 7 22 LOAD_CONST 3 (True) 24 STORE_FAST 3 (is_prime) 9 26 LOAD_GLOBAL 0 (range) 28 LOAD_CONST 1 (2) 30 LOAD_GLOBAL 1 (int) 32 LOAD_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 34 LOAD_CONST 4 (0.5) 36 BINARY_POWER 38 CALL_FUNCTION 1 40 LOAD_CONST 2 (1) 42 BINARY_ADD 44 CALL_FUNCTION 2 46 GET_ITER >> 48 FOR_ITER 24 (to 74) 50 STORE_FAST 4 (num) 10 52 LOAD_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 54 LOAD_FAST 4 (num) 56 BINARY_MODULO 58 LOAD_CONST 5 (0) 60 COMPARE_OP 2 (==) 62 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE 48 11 64 LOAD_CONST 6 (False) 66 STORE_FAST 3 (is_prime) 12 68 POP_TOP 70 JUMP_ABSOLUTE 74 72 JUMP_ABSOLUTE 48 13 >> 74 LOAD_FAST 3 (is_prime) 76 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE 18 14 78 LOAD_FAST 1 (primes) 80 LOAD_METHOD 2 (append) 82 LOAD_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 84 CALL_METHOD 1 86 POP_TOP 16 88 LOAD_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 90 LOAD_CONST 1 (2) 92 BINARY_MODULO 94 LOAD_CONST 5 (0) 96 COMPARE_OP 3 (!=) 98 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE 18 17 100 LOAD_FAST 1 (primes) 102 LOAD_METHOD 2 (append) 104 LOAD_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 106 UNARY_NEGATIVE 108 CALL_METHOD 1 110 POP_TOP 112 JUMP_ABSOLUTE 18 18 >> 114 LOAD_FAST 1 (primes) 116 RETURN_VALUE
Disassemble the following python into a function called foo: 5 0 BUILD_LIST 0 2 STORE_FAST 1 (primes) 6 4 LOAD_GLOBAL 0 (range) 6 LOAD_CONST 1 (2) 8 LOAD_FAST 0 (max_number) 10 LOAD_CONST 2 (1) 12 BINARY_ADD 14 CALL_FUNCTION 2 16 GET_ITER >> 18 FOR_ITER 94 (to 114) 20 STORE_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 7 22 LOAD_CONST 3 (True) 24 STORE_FAST 3 (is_prime) 9 26 LOAD_GLOBAL 0 (range) 28 LOAD_CONST 1 (2) 30 LOAD_GLOBAL 1 (int) 32 LOAD_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 34 LOAD_CONST 4 (0.5) 36 BINARY_POWER 38 CALL_FUNCTION 1 40 LOAD_CONST 2 (1) 42 BINARY_ADD 44 CALL_FUNCTION 2 46 GET_ITER >> 48 FOR_ITER 24 (to 74) 50 STORE_FAST 4 (num) 10 52 LOAD_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 54 LOAD_FAST 4 (num) 56 BINARY_MODULO 58 LOAD_CONST 5 (0) 60 COMPARE_OP 2 (==) 62 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE 48 11 64 LOAD_CONST 6 (False) 66 STORE_FAST 3 (is_prime) 12 68 POP_TOP 70 JUMP_ABSOLUTE 74 72 JUMP_ABSOLUTE 48 13 >> 74 LOAD_FAST 3 (is_prime) 76 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE 18 14 78 LOAD_FAST 1 (primes) 80 LOAD_METHOD 2 (append) 82 LOAD_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 84 CALL_METHOD 1 86 POP_TOP 16 88 LOAD_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 90 LOAD_CONST 1 (2) 92 BINARY_MODULO 94 LOAD_CONST 5 (0) 96 COMPARE_OP 3 (!=) 98 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE 18 17 100 LOAD_FAST 1 (primes) 102 LOAD_METHOD 2 (append) 104 LOAD_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 106 UNARY_NEGATIVE 108 CALL_METHOD 1 110 POP_TOP 112 JUMP_ABSOLUTE 18 18 >> 114 LOAD_FAST 1 (primes) 116 RETURN_VALUE
Below is one acceptable translation of the disassembled bytecode into a function named foo. In words, the function does the following: 1. Initializes an empty list called primes. 2. For each number (possible_prime) from 2 up to max_number (inclusive):   a. It assumes the number is prime (is_prime = True).   b. It checks all numbers from 2 up to (and including) int(possible_prime**0.5) + 1 to see if any divides possible_prime evenly. If so, it marks is_prime as False and stops checking further. 3. If possible_prime is confirmed as prime, it appends it to the list. 4. Additionally, if the prime number is odd, it appends the negative of that number. 5. Finally, it returns the list. Here is the corresponding Python code: ------------------------------------------------------------ def foo(max_number): primes = [] for possible_prime in range(2, max_number + 1): is_prime = True for num in range(2, int(possible_prime ** 0.5) + 1): if possible_prime % num == 0: is_prime = False break if not is_prime: continue primes.append(possible_prime) if possible_prime % 2 != 0: primes.append(-possible_prime) return primes ------------------------------------------------------------ This function behaves as follows: • For each candidate number, it checks divisibility up to the square root (plus one) of the number. • If the candidate is prime, it is added to the list. • Moreover, if that prime is odd, its negative is also added. • Finally, the list of primes (and negative odd primes) is returned. This implementation faithfully represents the logic in the disassembled bytecode.
I extracted the following code from that output:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 def foo(max_number): primes = [] for possible_prime in range(2, max_number + 1): is_prime = True for num in range(2, int(possible_prime ** 0.5) + 1): if possible_prime % num == 0: is_prime = False break if not is_prime: continue primes.append(possible_prime) if possible_prime % 2 != 0: primes.append(-possible_prime) return primes |
Running the following program:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 | #!/usr/bin/env python3 def foo(max_number): primes = [] for possible_prime in range(2, max_number + 1): is_prime = True for num in range(2, int(possible_prime ** 0.5) + 1): if possible_prime % num == 0: is_prime = False break if not is_prime: continue primes.append(possible_prime) if possible_prime % 2 != 0: primes.append(-possible_prime) return primes answer = foo(20) expected = [2, 3, -3, 5, -5, 7, -7, 11, -11, 13, -13, 17, -17, 19, -19] assert answer == expected, f'Wrong answer; got {answer} instead of {expected}' print('All tests passed') |
All tests passed
Testing if the previous output contains the string All tests passed: True
Disassemble the following python into a function called foo: 5 0 BUILD_LIST 0 2 STORE_FAST 1 (primes) 6 4 LOAD_GLOBAL 0 (range) 6 LOAD_CONST 1 (2) 8 LOAD_FAST 0 (max_number) 10 LOAD_CONST 2 (1) 12 BINARY_ADD 14 CALL_FUNCTION 2 16 GET_ITER >> 18 FOR_ITER 94 (to 114) 20 STORE_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 7 22 LOAD_CONST 3 (True) 24 STORE_FAST 3 (is_prime) 9 26 LOAD_GLOBAL 0 (range) 28 LOAD_CONST 1 (2) 30 LOAD_GLOBAL 1 (int) 32 LOAD_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 34 LOAD_CONST 4 (0.5) 36 BINARY_POWER 38 CALL_FUNCTION 1 40 LOAD_CONST 2 (1) 42 BINARY_ADD 44 CALL_FUNCTION 2 46 GET_ITER >> 48 FOR_ITER 24 (to 74) 50 STORE_FAST 4 (num) 10 52 LOAD_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 54 LOAD_FAST 4 (num) 56 BINARY_MODULO 58 LOAD_CONST 5 (0) 60 COMPARE_OP 2 (==) 62 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE 48 11 64 LOAD_CONST 6 (False) 66 STORE_FAST 3 (is_prime) 12 68 POP_TOP 70 JUMP_ABSOLUTE 74 72 JUMP_ABSOLUTE 48 13 >> 74 LOAD_FAST 3 (is_prime) 76 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE 18 14 78 LOAD_FAST 1 (primes) 80 LOAD_METHOD 2 (append) 82 LOAD_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 84 CALL_METHOD 1 86 POP_TOP 16 88 LOAD_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 90 LOAD_CONST 1 (2) 92 BINARY_MODULO 94 LOAD_CONST 5 (0) 96 COMPARE_OP 3 (!=) 98 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE 18 17 100 LOAD_FAST 1 (primes) 102 LOAD_METHOD 2 (append) 104 LOAD_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 106 UNARY_NEGATIVE 108 CALL_METHOD 1 110 POP_TOP 112 JUMP_ABSOLUTE 18 18 >> 114 LOAD_FAST 1 (primes) 116 RETURN_VALUE
Disassemble the following python into a function called foo: 5 0 BUILD_LIST 0 2 STORE_FAST 1 (primes) 6 4 LOAD_GLOBAL 0 (range) 6 LOAD_CONST 1 (2) 8 LOAD_FAST 0 (max_number) 10 LOAD_CONST 2 (1) 12 BINARY_ADD 14 CALL_FUNCTION 2 16 GET_ITER >> 18 FOR_ITER 94 (to 114) 20 STORE_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 7 22 LOAD_CONST 3 (True) 24 STORE_FAST 3 (is_prime) 9 26 LOAD_GLOBAL 0 (range) 28 LOAD_CONST 1 (2) 30 LOAD_GLOBAL 1 (int) 32 LOAD_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 34 LOAD_CONST 4 (0.5) 36 BINARY_POWER 38 CALL_FUNCTION 1 40 LOAD_CONST 2 (1) 42 BINARY_ADD 44 CALL_FUNCTION 2 46 GET_ITER >> 48 FOR_ITER 24 (to 74) 50 STORE_FAST 4 (num) 10 52 LOAD_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 54 LOAD_FAST 4 (num) 56 BINARY_MODULO 58 LOAD_CONST 5 (0) 60 COMPARE_OP 2 (==) 62 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE 48 11 64 LOAD_CONST 6 (False) 66 STORE_FAST 3 (is_prime) 12 68 POP_TOP 70 JUMP_ABSOLUTE 74 72 JUMP_ABSOLUTE 48 13 >> 74 LOAD_FAST 3 (is_prime) 76 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE 18 14 78 LOAD_FAST 1 (primes) 80 LOAD_METHOD 2 (append) 82 LOAD_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 84 CALL_METHOD 1 86 POP_TOP 16 88 LOAD_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 90 LOAD_CONST 1 (2) 92 BINARY_MODULO 94 LOAD_CONST 5 (0) 96 COMPARE_OP 3 (!=) 98 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE 18 17 100 LOAD_FAST 1 (primes) 102 LOAD_METHOD 2 (append) 104 LOAD_FAST 2 (possible_prime) 106 UNARY_NEGATIVE 108 CALL_METHOD 1 110 POP_TOP 112 JUMP_ABSOLUTE 18 18 >> 114 LOAD_FAST 1 (primes) 116 RETURN_VALUE
Below is one valid “reconstructed†version of the code as a function called foo: ------------------------------------------------ def foo(max_number): primes = [] # Line 5: Create an empty list for prime numbers. for possible_prime in range(2, max_number + 1): # Line 6: Loop over 2 to max_number (inclusive). is_prime = True # Line 7: Assume possible_prime is prime. # Lines 9–12: Check if possible_prime is divisible by any number from 2 to int(possible_prime**0.5)+1. for num in range(2, int(possible_prime ** 0.5) + 1): if possible_prime % num == 0: is_prime = False # Line 11: Not prime if divisible by num. break # Exit the inner loop immediately. # Line 13: If is_prime is still True, then we've found a prime. if is_prime: primes.append(possible_prime) # Line 14: Append the positive prime. # Line 16–17: If the prime is odd (not evenly divisible by 2), also append its negative. if possible_prime % 2 != 0: primes.append(-possible_prime) return primes # Line 18: Return the list of primes. ------------------------------------------------ Explanation of key points: • The outer loop iterates through all candidates from 2 up to max_number (inclusive). • For each candidate, the inner loop tests for factors from 2 up to the square root of candidate. • If the candidate is prime, it is appended to the list. In addition, if the candidate is odd (possible_prime % 2 != 0), its negation is also appended. • Finally, the function returns the list of primes. This code mirrors the disassembled instructions you provided.
I extracted the following code from that output:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | def foo(max_number): primes = [] # Line 5: Create an empty list for prime numbers. for possible_prime in range(2, max_number + 1): # Line 6: Loop over 2 to max_number (inclusive). is_prime = True # Line 7: Assume possible_prime is prime. # Lines 9–12: Check if possible_prime is divisible by any number from 2 to int(possible_prime**0.5)+1. for num in range(2, int(possible_prime ** 0.5) + 1): if possible_prime % num == 0: is_prime = False # Line 11: Not prime if divisible by num. break # Exit the inner loop immediately. # Line 13: If is_prime is still True, then we've found a prime. if is_prime: primes.append(possible_prime) # Line 14: Append the positive prime. # Line 16–17: If the prime is odd (not evenly divisible by 2), also append its negative. if possible_prime % 2 != 0: primes.append(-possible_prime) return primes # Line 18: Return the list of primes. |
Running the following program:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 | def foo(max_number): primes = [] # Line 5: Create an empty list for prime numbers. for possible_prime in range(2, max_number + 1): # Line 6: Loop over 2 to max_number (inclusive). is_prime = True # Line 7: Assume possible_prime is prime. # Lines 9–12: Check if possible_prime is divisible by any number from 2 to int(possible_prime**0.5)+1. for num in range(2, int(possible_prime ** 0.5) + 1): if possible_prime % num == 0: is_prime = False # Line 11: Not prime if divisible by num. break # Exit the inner loop immediately. # Line 13: If is_prime is still True, then we've found a prime. if is_prime: primes.append(possible_prime) # Line 14: Append the positive prime. # Line 16–17: If the prime is odd (not evenly divisible by 2), also append its negative. if possible_prime % 2 != 0: primes.append(-possible_prime) return primes # Line 18: Return the list of primes. answer = foo(20) expected = [2, 3, -3, 5, -5, 7, -7, 11, -11, 13, -13, 17, -17, 19, -19] assert answer == expected, f'Wrong answer; got {answer} instead of {expected}' print('All tests passed') |
All tests passed
Testing if the previous output contains the string All tests passed: True